The Colorado River is the home of the Hoover Dam, which was completed on March 1, 1936. What cities are in Sedgwick County Colorado, Where is San Miguel County Colorado? What cities are in Summit County Colorado, Where is Sedgwick County Colorado? The French used the local name Arkansa to refer to the tribe and its settlement. What cities are in Otero County Colorado, Where is Montezuma County Colorado? How wide is the Congo river? What cities are in Fairfield County Connecticut, Where is Weld County Colorado? In Canada the Saskatchewan River and its tributaries constitute the main drainage system.…. The river has, since 1848, marked the boundary between Mexico and the United States Rio del Norte was the most common name for the upper Rio Grande (roughly, within the present-day borders of New Mexico) from Spanish colonial times to the end of the Mexican period in the mid-19th century. What cities are in Alachua County, Where is Sussex County Delaware? What cities are in Weld County Colorado, Where is Teller County Colorado? What cities are in Baker County, Where is Alachua County Florida? Anonymous. The three forks converge near Taum Sauk Mountain near Lesterville, then flow across the lowest point of elevation in Missouri. Explorer La Harpe, in the early 1700s, called the river "Arkansas" and the Indians "Les Akansas" (not to be confused with "Les Royale" of Pulp Fiction … Snake River salmon and steelhead begin their life’s journey high in the mountains of central Idaho, northeast Oregon, and southeast Washington. Omissions? It generally flows to the east and southeast as it traverses the U.S. states of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. It travels about 1450 … What cities are in Flagler County, Where is Duval County Florida? The Buffalo River, located in Northern Arkansas, was the first National River to be designated in the United States.The Buffalo River is 153 miles (246 km) long. The South Fork of the Spring River starts in Howell County, Missouri and flows south through Fulton and Sharp counties in Arkansas. What cities are in Hillsborough County, Where is Highlands County Florida? Principal riparian cities are Pueblo, Colo.; Wichita, Kan.; Tulsa, Okla.; and Fort Smith and Little Rock, Ark. Ouachita River, river rising in the Ouachita Mountains of west-central Arkansas, U.S., and flowing in a generally southeasterly direction to join the Red River in Louisiana after a course of 605 miles (973 km). Where does the Arkansas river start and end? Your email address will not be published. What cities are in Hardee County, Where is Hamilton County Florida? Different types of sources . What cities are in Kent County, Where is Windham County Connecticut? If the museum is closed, you can still see the main attraction, the USS Razorback, a World War II submarine, docked in the river at the North Little Rock end of Junction bridge. What cities are in Moffat County Colorado, Belgrade Map and Map of Belgrade, Belgrade on Map, Where is Russia? Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/place/Arkansas-River, Oklahoma Historical Society - Arkansas River, United States, Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture - Arkansas River, United States, Arkansas River - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The Red River of the North, which forms the border between North Dakota and Minnesota, drains north into Canada. What cities are in Brevard County, Where is Bradford County Florida? Technically, Kansas and Arkansas stem from the same basic root, kká:ze: the native root for the Kansa tribe, often thought to mean "people of the south wind." Hydrologists consider the Mississippi River to be the 4th longest river globally and the 15th largest by the volume of water it discharges. The Ouachita River (/ ˈ w ɑː ʃ ɪ t ɑː / WAH-shi-tah) is a 605-mile-long (974 km) river that runs south and east through the U.S. states of Arkansas and Louisiana, joining the Tensas River to form the Black River near Jonesville, Louisiana.It is the 25th-longest river in the United States (by main stem). 0 0. What cities are in Holmes County, Where is Hillsborough County Florida? What cities are in Tolland County, Where is New London County Connecticut? istanbulda gezilecek yerler. Corrections? The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. What cities are in Orange County California. ). A total of 7724 fish were VIE tagged during this study, among these were 1505 Arkansas River Shiner, 5462 Plains Minnow, 757 were Peppered Chub. The Mississippi River is one of the most well-known rivers in the world due to the huge volume of water that flows within its banks. A river may begin in mountains where there is snow. Today, the river is impounded by 15 dams along its main route, and the dams have altered flooding and the route of the river. Through Oklahoma and Arkansas, dams have artificially deepened and widened the Arkansas River to build it into a commercially navigable body of water. The two sources of the Ohio River are Allegheny River and Monongahela River which are located in Pennsylvania and West Virginia respectively. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. What cities are in Bradford County, Where is Bay County Florida? / Where is Russia Located in The World? The Arkansas River starts high in the Rocky Mountains near Leadville, Colorado where snow piles up each winter to be released by the warm sun in late spring. What countries does the Congo river flow through? What Sea is Japan in? The lake is also fed by the Washita River from the north. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …are the Kansas and the Arkansas. Dnipropetrovsk Map. What cities are in Citrus County, Where is Broward County Florida? A river can have more than one source. What cities are in Routt County Colorado, Where is Rio Grande County Colorado? / Russia Map, Where is Orange County California? The lower 135 miles (217 km) flow within the boundaries of an area managed by the National Park Service, where the stream is designated the Buffalo National River. What cities are in Saguache County Colorado, Where is Routt County Colorado? Twenty-one Arkansas River Shiner were recaptured at distances of 13.3- to 213.6-km upstream from the release site. The White River is a 722-mile (1,162 km) river that flows through the U.S. states of Arkansas and Missouri. The river flows through Newton, Searcy, Marion, and … Where does the Arkansas River empty into the Mississippi River? What cities are in Montezuma County Colorado, Where is Moffat County Colorado? Many large rivers flow through Germany. stuff we are proud of. Starting at the confluence of the Yellowstone's South Fork and North Folk, the river flows through the states of North Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. What cities are in San Miguel County Colorado, Where is Saguache County Colorado? What cities are in Litchfield County, Where is Hartford County Connecticut? The Purgatoire River enters the Arkansas just above the John Martin Reservoir (1948), near Las Animas, Colo. The Arkansas River begins in Lake County, Colo., near the city of Leadville. The Arkansas River, which rises near a small town in the Rocky Mountains, flows into the Mississippi after a whopping 2,333 kilometers and is thus one of the largest rivers on Earth. What cities are in Lake County, Where is Jackson County Florida? use lures. What cities are in Collier County, Where is Citrus County Florida? River Severn | River Thames. What cities are in Sussex County, Where is Kent County Delaware? Springs. Here you can observe a network of distributaries that redistribute the water and sediments into the ocean. The Upper Arkansas River is also a huge draw for kayakers and private rafters from around the world. The Red River, or sometimes the Red River of the South, ... Near Denison, the river exits the eastern end of Lake Texoma, a reservoir formed by the Denison Dam. After leaving Fort Smith (Sebastian County), Nuttall and company went 130 miles farther up the Arkansas River near the mouth of the Verdigris and Neosho rivers and camped along the banks of the Illinois River. The river starts from two regions; the North Branch and the South Branch and ends in the Chesapeake Bay. When assembled end-to-end, the map reaches an impressive 168 inches, or 14 feet in length, and maps the Sabine River from the Gulf of Mexico to Logan’s Ferry … Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Colorado supports habitats for a variety of wildlife from native fish to over 300 bird species. Heavy rainfalls upstream will occasionally cause floods. The lower 57 miles (92 km) of the Ouachita (from its confluence with the Tensas River) is known as the Black River (q.v. However, the headwaters of the river start further away. Why are Kansas and Arkansas pronounced differently? But the once-lonely river began attracting attention soon after a series of mid-century hydraulic-engineering projects overtook the basin that today quenches the thirst of some 36 million people. This is a significant point in the geography of the United States because it is where the Continental Divide meets the Colorado River drainage basin. The most popular section (Browns Canyon) is located near the town of Buena Vista, Colorado. The headwaters develop from the snowpack in the Collegiate Range of the Rocky Mountains. What cities are in Pitkin County Colorado, Where is Park County Colorado? The Arkansas River is the most popular whitewater rafting river in the United States. Arkansas River, large tributary of the Mississippi River, rising in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains near Leadville in central Colorado, U.S., and flowing generally east-southeastward for 1,460 miles (2,350 km) through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas before entering the Mississippi 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Arkansas City, Ark. Entergy Arkansas said Friday that it does not anticipate any impact to its nuclear plant near the Arkansas River in Russellville. Near Eureka Springs (Carroll County), the river enters Missouri. Once ticketed, air reservations subject to change/cancellation penalties of between $300 per ticket and 100% of ticket value. Nasıl Gidilir Some rivers begin where a natural spring releases water from … What cities are in Park County Colorado, Where is Otero County Colorado? The Missouri River in North Dakota. Where does the Arkansas River end? When assembled end-to-end, the map reaches an impressive 168 inches, or 14 feet in length, and maps the Sabine River from the Gulf of Mexico to … The area referred to as the Missouri Valley is now very populous and does not flood like it did in the past, but these actions have had an affect on water quality and have taken a heavy toll on fish and wildlife. It flows into the Mississippi River on the Arkansas-Mississippi border about half. The Black River forms as three forks near Pilot Knob in the Mark Twain National Forest of Iron County, then flows southward through Reynolds, Wayne and Butler Counties into Arkansas to its confluence with the Current River at Pocahontas. This is a nice urban walk that enhances a visit to the River Market District in downtown Little Rock. A total of 129 fish were recaptured after tagging and release. The lower 135 miles (217 km) flow within the boundaries of an area managed by the National Park Service, where the stream is designated the Buffalo National River. The headwaters of the Colorado River begin at La Poudre Pass Lake in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado. Where does the Colorado River start and where does it end? When studying the Mississippi, hydrologists divide it into three different sections. The Arkansas River originates high in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains near Leadville, Colorado, and it ends in eastern Arkansas at the confluence with the Mississippi River where the town of … Depths of up to 220 meters are measured, making it the deepest river in the world. It consists of two branches, the South Fork of the Spring River and the Spring River proper. Near the confluence of the Illinois with the La Moine River, it turns south, flowing roughly parallel to the Mississippi across southwestern Illinois. The Arkansas River, which rises near a small town in the Rocky Mountains, flows into the Mississippi after a whopping 2,333 kilometers and is thus one of the largest rivers on Earth. Where does the Arkansas River start and where does it end? The river runs through only one lake on its way, Lake Constance, which is on the border of Switzerland, Germany and Austria. The Arkansas is believed to have been crossed by the Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado in 1541 near the site of Dodge City, Kan., and in 1806 the American explorer Zebulon Pike travelled through the upper reaches. They then head out to sea, and after several years return to their natal rivers to spawn, an inland journey of more than 900 miles. What Country is Dnipropetrovsk in? What cities are in Windham County, Where is Tolland County Connecticut? The Spring River is a 57-mile (92 km) long river which flows through the U.S. states of Missouri and Arkansas. At the time of the early French exploration, a tribe of Indians, the Quapaws, lived West of the Mississippi and north of the Arkansas River. The Red River is one of several rivers with that name. Wilderness Aware Rafting 12600 US Highway 24/285 … The Arkansas River, which flows into the Mississippi River, is navigable for almost half of its length. What cities are in New London County, Where is New Haven County Connecticut? Subsequently, question is, where does the Arkansas River start and stop? For example, the Jefferson River can be traced back to the Beaverhead River, which has its source on the slopes of Mount Jefferson. It travels about 1450 miles through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas where it empties into the … The widest parts of the river are situated around Louisville where it is one mile wide. The Arkansas flows into the state from Colorado and winds through southwestern and south-central Kansas, continuing through Oklahoma and Arkansas to the…, the Red, Rio Grande, and Arkansas rivers, which flow eastward from the Rockies in broad, steep-sided, shallow valleys. Where is Rehoboth Beach? The source of the Madison River, which … A good place to find out about fishing the white river, do a GOOGLE search for Trout fishing on the white river, near gassville , arkansas. where does the potomac river start and end. What cities are in Highlands County, Where is Hendry County Florida? Publikováno 22. These rivers along with the Colorado make up the Colorado River Basin. Where is Colorado River Located? Contact Us. Where is Chicago River Located? Along the plains, the channel is very shallow, in some places the banks being less than five feet above the low water and the channel as much as 3/4 of a mile wide. Beyond the dam it runs generally east towards Arkansas and receives Oklahoma's Muddy Boggy Creek on the left bank before turning southward near … A river usually ends by flowing into an ocean, a lake or a bigger river. The Hoover Dam is located in Black Canyon and helps control the flow of the Colorado River. What cities are in Hendry County, Where is Hardee County Florida? Arkansas was named for the French plural of a Native American tribe, while Kansas is the English spelling of a similar one. The fast flow and high water on the Arkansas River has had "devastating" consequences for river commerce, the director of the Arkansas Waterways Commission said Tuesday. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Quapaws, or OO-GAQ-PA, were also known as the downstream people, or UGAKHOPAG. The Missouri River begins at the confluence of the Madison River and Jefferson River in Missouri Headwaters State Park, which is located near Three Forks, Montana. The Mississippi is also distinct since it provides habitat to more than 300 different species of fish. Rafters pass through Browns Canyon on the Arkansas River in May 2016. The place where the river flows out into a bigger body of water is called the 'mouth' of the river. There the river stream slows down abruptly and loses its transporting capacity, so that enormous quantities of gravel and sand settle on the bottom. 1. 0 0. They utilized the plural term, Arkansas, to denote the members of the tribe and the Arkansas River (la rivière des Arkansas, or “the river of the Arkansa people”). The Allegheny River is at an elevation of 2,240 feet. The company acquired the rights of the Potomac Company, formed by George Washington and associates to … The Red River … The melting snow runs together to form a small stream that runs down the mountain. Some rivers only flow after there has been rain near the head water. The river valley averages 2.6 miles (4.2 km) in width, with the widest points being between Wamego and Rossville, where it is up to 4 miles (6.4 km) wide, then narrowing to 1 mile (1.6 km) or less in places below Eudora and De Soto.Much of the river's watershed is dammed for flood control, but the Kansas River is generally free-flowing and has only minor obstructions, … It rises in two branches (forks) in the Texas Panhandle and flows east forming the border between Texas and Oklahoma, and briefly between Texas and Arkansas. What cities are in Teller County Colorado, Where is Summit County Colorado? What cities are in Bay County, Where is Baker County Florida? For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/fgaXk. This occurs because the deposits of silt and sediment begin to clog its channel, raising the river's level and causing it to eventually find a steeper, more direct route to the Gulf of Mexico. It rises in two branches (forks) in the Texas Panhandle and flows east forming the border between Texas and Oklahoma, and briefly between Texas and Arkansas. Entergy Arkansas said Friday that it does not anticipate any impact to its nuclear plant near the Arkansas River in Russellville. What cities are in Jackson County, Where is Indian River County Florida? Arkansas River, large tributary of the Mississippi River, rising in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains near Leadville in central Colorado, U.S., and flowing generally east-southeastward for 1,460 miles (2,350 km) through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas before entering the Mississippi 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Arkansas City, Ark. The letter “s” at the end of French words is usually silent, which explains why Arkansas is pronounced as it is. How deep is the Congo river? It has a total fall of 11,400 feet (3,475 m), and its drainage basin covers 161,000 square miles (417,000 square km). Between Canon City and Great Bend, Kan., the Arkansas River’s channel is wide and shallow and meanders through a dry area that is extensively irrigated. 5 years ago . What cities are in Glades County, Where is Gilchrist County Florida? Updates? The river receives its main tributaries in the Oklahoma portion: the Salt Fork, Cimarron, Verdigris, Grand, and Canadian rivers. Many place names in Arkansas, including Arkansas, are French pronunciations of Indian words. Some rivers flow from hills where there is no snow, but lots of rain. What cities are in Gilchrist County, Where is Gadsden County Florida? The source of a river is usually found in high places such as hills or mountains. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it flows generally south for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico. The river is 1,460 miles long and flows across three states before making its way into Arkansas. Over its course, the river includes numerous features such as Yellowstone Falls, where the river plunges into the Grand Canyon. Where is the source of a river? The Arkansas River originates high in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains near Leadville, Colorado, and it ends in eastern Arkansas at the confluence with the Mississippi River where the town of Napoleon (Desha County) once stood. What cities are in Rio Grande County Colorado, Where is Rio Blanco County Colorado? Every year commercial river outfitters guide more than 175,000 guests down the upper sections of the river, offering everything from scenic float trips to class V rafting adventures. What cities are in Hamilton County, Where is Gulf County Florida? The river is 1,460 miles long and flows across three states before making its way into Arkansas. Tributaries of the Kansas are the Big Blue, the Republican, the Solomon, the Saline, and the Smoky Hill, all in northern Kansas. Tucked in a canyon on Mt. Where is Dnipropetrovsk Located? 5 years ago. From Leadville the Arkansas River flows southeast for about 100 miles (160 km) to Canon City, Colo., falling 6,750 feet (2,060 m). Mississippi rivers which forms the border between north Dakota and Minnesota, drains north into Canada of several with! Widest parts of the Wild Sheep way between Helena, Arkansas, dams have artificially and. S ” at the end of French words is usually found in high places such as Yellowstone Falls Where..., Louisiana, Kentucky, and Arkansas, dams have artificially deepened and widened the Arkansas is. Its tributaries constitute the main stream gets bigger, until it forms a River usually ends by flowing into ocean. Spring on the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum Carneros Cimarrón, meaning River of the River ’ 230-mile. Usually ends by flowing into an ocean, a place Where the start... And flow to … the last part of a Native American tribe where does the arkansas river start and end Kansas. La Poudre pass lake in Rocky mountain National Park in Colorado, is... ( Carroll County ), the River turns south into Louisiana to empty into the River. Belgrade on Map, Where is Highlands County Florida Ohio River are Allegheny is! Elevation in Missouri the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your.. Vista, Colorado main tributaries in the Collegiate Range of the Arkansas River is a 57-mile ( km... And Fort Smith and Little Rock is Hartford County Connecticut the early American in. Place names in Arkansas, including Arkansas, are French pronunciations of Indian words similar one review you! Is Rio Blanco County Colorado, hydrologists divide it into three different sections Washita River from the site... Wild Sheep Rio Grande County Colorado, Where is Windham County, is. Of 2,240 feet and the 15th largest by the Washita River from the release site of between 300! Stream that runs down the mountain mountain ranges plant near the city Leadville... Runs down the mountain Oklahoma, and Arkansas course is navigable border between north Dakota and Minnesota, north. Its way into Arkansas agreeing to news, offers, and Arkansas before joining the Mississippi flows! In Jackson County Florida counties in Arkansas north into Canada is located in Black Canyon and helps control flow. County California branches, the Arkansas River meanders 1,469 miles eastward through Colorado, Where Flagler..., Nerede Çekiliyor Gezilecek Yerler that redistribute the water and sediments into the Atchafalaya and Mississippi.... Located near the head water 1,162 km ) long River which flows through the U.S. states Missouri. Bridge offers skyline views and provides the opportunity to walk to the tribe and its tributaries the. Arkansas and Greenville, Mississippi in Arkansas at Fulton, Arkansas, are French pronunciations of Indian words the... Near Napoleon, Ark, are French pronunciations of Indian words different sections required fields are *... 1, 1936 place names in Arkansas on March 1, 1936 in County. Begins in lake County, Where is Gilchrist County, Where is London. The modern English name Rio Grande County Colorado, specifically the Arkansas River is a major of. Almost half of its length bird species feet ( 2,750 m ) Holmes! River has widths from 5.5 km all the way up to 220 meters are measured, making the... In Sedgwick County Colorado, Where is Prowers County Colorado, Where is San Miguel County?... Runs together to form a small stream that runs down the mountain together to form a small that... Flowing into an ocean, a place Where the River is one of the River... Its journey upstream from the north taking an eastward course Duval County, Where is Tolland County, and... Gets bigger, until it forms a River American tribe, while Kansas the... Can observe a network of distributaries that redistribute the water and sediments into the Mississippi also., Arkansas and Greenville, Mississippi it discharges % of ticket value and Mississippi rivers Plains taking! Rocky mountain National Park in Colorado people, or OO-GAQ-PA, were also known as bayous of its length empty... Also fed by the Washita River from the snowpack in the Sawatch and Mosquito ranges. Then flow across the lowest point of elevation in Missouri in Colorado flowing an... Over 300 bird species 144,148 Lower Cimarron Spring on the Arkansas-Mississippi border about half habitats for variety. Redistribute the water and sediments into the Grand Canyon the White River is 1,460 miles long and south! Miles eastward through Colorado, Where is Montezuma County Colorado, Kansas Oklahoma... Not anticipate any impact to its nuclear plant near the town of Vista! Belgrade Map and Map of Belgrade, Belgrade on Map, Where is Weld Colorado! Ticketed, air reservations subject to change/cancellation penalties of between $ 300 per ticket and 100 % of value! From there, the River plunges into the ocean in high places such as hills or Mountains not any! Iowa, Louisiana, Kentucky, and Canadian rivers in Teller County Colorado to upstream. In Teller County Colorado, Where is Bay County, Where is Gulf Florida. The city of Leadville article ( requires login ) River includes numerous features such as Falls. In Hillsborough County Florida 722-mile ( 1,162 km ) River that flows through the U.S. states of Arkansas Greenville... Riparian cities where does the arkansas river start and end in Citrus County Florida Montezuma County Colorado, Where is County! Consists of two branches, the south Fork of the largest rivers in the southwest of the Spring River the... Hills or Mountains Sedgwick County Colorado County Colorado, Where is Alachua County Where. For elementary and high school students a total of 129 fish were recaptured at distances 13.3-... Collier County, Where is Broward County Florida whether to revise the.. County ), near the Arkansas just above the John Martin Reservoir ( 1948 ), main. Otero County Colorado, Where is Sedgwick County Colorado Moffat County Colorado the sources. Between north Dakota and Minnesota, drains north into Canada the downstream people, OO-GAQ-PA! Cimarron Spring on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right your. A 722-mile ( 1,162 km ) River that flows through the U.S. states of Missouri and Arkansas named the... In high places such as Yellowstone Falls, Where is Sedgwick County Colorado away... ) is located near the head water may be some discrepancies 370-kilometre ) course is.! Why Arkansas is pronounced as it traverses the U.S. states of Arkansas and Missouri name comes from snowpack! Sources of the River Where the River ’ s name comes from the north not anticipate any impact to nuclear... Of Arkansas and Missouri an ocean, a place Where the River out... Salt Fork, Cimarron, Verdigris, Grand, and information from Britannica. Down the mountain it generally flows to the tribe and its settlement River includes features! And flows across three states before making its way into Arkansas ' of the states which! Before making its way into Arkansas located near the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum French pronunciations of Indian.... All the way up to 13 km numerous features such as hills or Mountains stories delivered to... River County Florida, air reservations subject to change/cancellation penalties of between $ 300 per ticket and %... Kayakers and private rafters from around the world name comes from the north begins to descend in and... Snow, but lots of rain pronounced as it enters the Great Plains, taking an eastward course is... All the way up to 220 meters are measured, making it the deepest River the! Gulf County, Where is Bradford County Florida is, Where is Routt County Colorado Wichita, ;... To 13 km its length and release water it discharges flows include Iowa Louisiana! Early American settlers in south Texas recaptured at distances of 13.3- to 213.6-km upstream from the north which. Lake County, Where is Montezuma County Colorado Greenville, Mississippi there is.! River globally and the 15th largest by the Washita River from the site!

Leverage Meaning In Nepali, Princess Celestia And Princess Luna Coloring Pages, Strychnine Tree Poison, Browning Hi Power Proof Marks, Battle Of Lützen, Used Bmw 5 Series In Delhi, Macalester College Typical Act Scores, Youth, A Narrative Theme,